Tag Archives: depression

Septiembre 11: 20 Años Después

Leave a reply

Para aquellos de nosotros que vivimos para presenciar ese día, es uno que estará por siempre plasmado en nuestros recuerdos.

Pregúntele a cualquier persona y te dirá exactamente qué estaba haciendo cuando todos pensamos que un avión había chocado accidentalmente con la Torre Norte del World Trade Center, donde estaba cuando el segundo avión chocó con la Torre Sur, con quién estaba cuando como vimos el Pentágono en llamas y nos enteramos de que el vuelo 93 había desaparecido sobre Shanksville, Pensilvania. Algunos de nosotros incluso podemos recordar lo que comimos esa mañana y podemos oler y hasta saborear ese desayuno cuando pensamos en tan fatídico día. Personalmente, yo me encontraba en mi clase de microbiología durante mi segundo año de la escuela de medicina. Todos nos aglomeramos para ver la cobertura noticiosa en nuestra sala de estudiantes y vimos el impacto del segundo avión.

El trauma que experimentamos colectivamente el 11 de septiembre fue de una magnitud sin precedentes. Se trató de una pérdida masiva de vidas… Madres, padres, hermanos, hermanas, hijos, hijas. Pero, más allá, se trató de la pérdida de nuestra seguridad, la pérdida de algunas de nuestras libertades, la pérdida de nuestra tranquilidad y, en general, la pérdida de nuestra inocencia.

Después del 11 de septiembre, en mi entrenamiento como médico en psiquiatría y psiquiatría forense en el Centro Médico San Vincente en el Greenwich Village de la Ciudad Nueva York, le ofrecí tratamiento a sobrevivientes del WTC, familias de víctimas y socorristas. También completé evaluaciones de discapacidades psiquiátricas para el Fondo WTC de la Junta Médica del Departamento de Bomberos de la Ciudad de Nueva York. He visto toda la gama de secuelas psicológicas. Depresión, ansiedad, trastornos por uso de sustancias, trastorno de estrés postraumático. Algunas personas pudieron recuperarse con breves intervenciones terapéuticas. Otras han requerido tratamiento a largo plazo para síntomas que persisten hasta el día de hoy.

Aquellos que continúan experimentando depresión y trastorno de estrés postraumático suelen tener pensamientos perturbadores, flashbacks y pesadillas que los llevan a revivir los eventos de ese fatídico día. Pueden alejarse de los demás y padecer de una gran variedad de sentimientos encontrados: tristeza, culpa, vergüenza, miedo, e ira. Esa ira puede manifestarse de muchas formas. Podría estar dirigida a otros miembros de la familia, al gobierno, a los terroristas, e incluso a si mismos y a sus seres queridos perdidos en el 9/11. La ira puede variar desde una irritabilidad leve hasta arrebatos severos que pueden llevar a un mayor distanciamiento de amigos y familiares.

Los sobrevivientes y las familias de las víctimas pueden culpar – o desplazar su culpa – a varias personas, dependiendo de la percepción propia de su participación en los eventos que condujeron al 11 de septiembre. Pueden culpar al gobierno por no habernos protegido. Pueden desplazar de manera inapropiada la culpa hacia un grupo étnico o religioso que asemeje el perfil general de los terroristas. En el caso de las familias de las víctimas, pueden culpar a sus seres queridos perdidos por haber ido a trabajar ese día. Pueden culparse a sí mismos por no haber impedido que su ser querido fallecido en los ataques saliera por la puerta o por no retrasar su partida. De manera similar, los sobrevivientes pueden culparse a sí mismos por haber ido a trabajar ese día o por no haber hecho lo suficiente para ayudar a un compañero de trabajo a escapar. Pueden tener cierto grado de culpabilidad de sobreviviente. En general, puede haber muchas dudas de “qué hubiese pasado si” y una forma circular de pensar que complica aún más el bienestar psicológico de los sobrevivientes.

Hay un dicho que nos menciona que “El tiempo cura todas las heridas.” Esto no es totalmente correcto. A aquellas personas que se quejan de que el 11 de septiembre sucedió hace 20 años y que ya es hora de superarlo les diría que, si bien se necesita tiempo para sanar, el tiempo de por sí no es el sanador de nuestras heridas. Para algunos de nosotros, la mejoría conlleva más tiempo que para otros. Algunos de nosotros continuaremos lidiando con el peso de la pérdida que sufrimos ese día. Además, parte de esa mejoría es recordar a aquellos a quienes perdimos. Los eventos conmemorativos anuales sirven para esa mejoría para algunos, pero pueden reabrir heridas parcialmente cerradas para otros.

¡Recuerda el 11 de septiembre y Recuerda siempre cuidar de ti y de tus seres queridos!

9/11: Twenty Years Later

Leave a reply

For those of us who lived to experience that day, 9/11 is one that will forever be embedded in our memories.

Ask anyone and they will tell you exactly what they were doing when we all thought it was an accident that a plane had hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center, where they were when the second plane hit the South Tower, and who was with them as we saw the Pentagon on fire and found out about flight 93 going down near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Some of us may even remember what we were eating that morning and can even smell and taste that breakfast when we think of that day. Personally, I was in my microbiology class during my second year of medical school. We all huddled to watch the news coverage in our student lounge and saw the second plane hit.

The trauma that we collectively experienced on 9/11 was unprecedented in magnitude. It was about massive loss of life… Mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers, daughters, sons. But it was also about the loss of security, the loss of some of our freedoms, the loss of trust, and, overall, the loss of our innocence.

In the aftermath of 9/11, as a psychiatry resident and forensic psychiatry fellow at St Vincent’s Medical Center in New York City’s Greenwich Village, I treated WTC survivors, victims’ families, and first responders. I also completed evaluations of psychiatric disabilities for the NYC Fire Department Medical Board’s WTC Fund. I have seen the whole gamut of psychological sequelae. Depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and beyond. Some individuals were able to recover with brief therapeutic interventions. Others have required long-term treatment for persistent symptoms to this day.

Those who continue to experience depression and PTSD may have disturbing thoughts, flashbacks and nightmares that lead them to relive the events of that fateful day. They may estrange themselves from others and experience a myriad of feelings: sadness, guilt, shame, fear, and anger. That anger can manifest itself in many ways. It could be directed at other family members, the government, the terrorists, and even themselves and their lost loved ones. It could range from mild irritability to severe outbursts that can lead to further estrangement from friends and family members.

Survivors and families of victims may place — or displace – their blame at several targets, depending on their perception of their involvement in the events leading to and on 9/11. They may blame the government for not having protected us. They may inappropriately displace blame towards an ethnic or religious group that fits the general profile of the terrorists. For families of victims, they may blame their lost loved ones for having gone to work on that day or for not getting out. They may blame themselves for not having stopped their lost loved one from going out the door or for not delaying their departure. Similarly, survivors may blame themselves for having gone to work that day or for not having done enough to help a co-worker escape. They may have a degree of survivor’s guilt. Overall, there may be a lot of “what ifs” and a circular way of thinking that can further complicate the survivors’ psychological wellness.

The old adage tells us that “Time heals all wounds.” This is not entirely accurate. To those people who say 9/11 was 20 years ago and that it is time to put it behind us, I would tell them that while it does take time to heal, time itself is not a healer. For some of us, healing takes longer than for others. Some of us will continue to deal with the burden of the loss that we sustained on that day. Part of that healing process may include remembering those whom we lost. While annual commemorative events serve towards that healing for some, the same memorials may reopen partially closed wounds for others.

Remember 9/11 and Remember to take care of yourself and your loved ones!

Be Smart. Be Safe. Be Healthy. Be Strong.

Until next time!

Dr. Felix

Emotional Impact of the Separation of Children and Parents at the US Border

1 Reply

On June 20, 2018, the American Psychiatric Association (of which I am an Assembly Member) and 17 other mental health organizations joined forces in a letter to the Departments of Justice, of Homeland Security and of Health and Human Services, urging the administration of President Donald Trump to end its policy of separation of children from their parents at the United States border.

The letter states that “children are dependent on their parents for safety and support. Any forced separation is highly stressful for children and can cause lifelong trauma, as well as an increased risk of other mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In addition, the longer that children and parents are separated, the greater the reported symptoms of anxiety and depression for the children.”1

The separation and detention of minors is a human rights crisis

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasizes the importance of considering “the best interests of the child.”2 These interests include:

  • Protection against discrimination
  • Safety
  • Wellbeing
  • Health
  • Ensuring to the maximum extent possible the child’s survival and development
  • Preservation of the child’s identity
  • Family integrity
  • Protection against the separation from parents against the child’s will
  • Free expression of ideas
  • Freedom
  • Education

The separation of children from their families and their detention under inhumane and deplorable conditions are in direct opposition to all these interests.

The emotional impact of the separation

The negative effects, both physical and emotional, on the children separated from their parents may not be apparent for many years and some may be irreversible.

The short-term emotional effects include:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Low self-esteem
  • Feelings of helplessness and hopelessness
  • Behavioral problems
  • Irritability
  • Sleeping problems
  • Changes in appetite
  • Loss of interest in pleasurable activities
  • Poor self-care
  • Feelings of guilt
  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

The long-term emotional sequelae can be reflected in:

  • Developmental delay
  • Poor psychological adjustment
  • Poor school performance
  • Regressive behavior
  • Aggression
  • Increased vulnerability to physical illness
  • Alcohol and drug use

Studies show that no matter how brief the detention, it may cause severe and long-term psychological trauma and increase the risk of mental disorders.3

Parents may also be affected due to the uncertainty of what may be happening to their child, which may manifest itself in:

  • Increase in physical and emotional problems
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Post-traumatic stress disorder
  • Difficulty in their relationships
  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

What is Attachment?

Attachment is the bond between the child and his parents, which plays a fundamental role in the social and emotional development of the child. Adequate attachment fosters feelings of security in the child. Poor attachment can make the child grow insecure, with separation anxiety, self-esteem problems, trust issues, behavioral problems, and even extreme dependence on others.

The relationship between parents and children can continue to be affected even after being reunited, which may be manifested in:

  • Attachment problems
  • Reduction in parental authority
  • Poor parent-child relationship
  • Difficulties in child rearing

How can we prevent these negative effects?

  • Putting a stop to the separation of families and to the inhumane conditions in the detention centers. The separation of a parent from a child should never occur, unless there are concerns for the safety of the child at the hands of his/her parent.
  • Early detection of symptoms through mental health assessments and periodic reevaluations (especially when symptoms may arise later as the separation or detention persists).
  • Coordination of services:
      o Physical health
      o Mental health
      o Legal
      o Interpretation in the child’s primary language
  • Psychotherapy and counseling can help the children and their parents to deal with their feelings or negative thoughts, identify stressors, and strengthen coping skills. Therapy can assist in processing emotions and offer support and hope.
  • Psychiatric medications may also control symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, or any other mental health condition.
  • Finally, there should be no shame in seeking help, which can improve the lives of the child and his/her family.

Remember…

Be Smart. Be Safe. Be Healthy. Be Strong.

Until next time!

Dr. Felix

References:

1American Psychiatric Association. (2018, June 20). Mental health organizations urge administration to halt policy separating children and parents at U.S. border. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/newsroom/news-releases/mental-health-organizations-urge-administration-to-halt-policy-separating-children-and-parents-at-u-s-border/

2United Nations. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx/

3Linton, J.M., Griffin, M., Shapiro, A.J. (2017, March). Detention of immigrant children. American Academy of Pediatrics. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2017/03/09/peds.2017-0483.full.pdf

Death of a Doctor – Another Victim of Cyber Bullying?

2 Replies

The death of Puerto Rican doctor Gloria Ortiz González is an unfortunate reminder of the power of social media, cyber bullying, the poor conditions of a public health system affecting both patients and their providers, the level of stress and the need for attention to the emotional well-being of healthcare workers, the Hippocratic Oath, and the doctrine “primum non nocere” (“first do no harm”).

Dr. Ortiz González gained notoriety and grew in infamy after a verbal altercation with patients in the emergency room waiting area of Bayamon Regional Hospital in Puerto Rico was recorded on a mobile phone and uploaded to social networks in August 2014. In the video, which clearly begins in the middle of the discussion and does not show the preceding interactions, a patient who is off camera can be heard instigating the physician to the point that she loses her composure and uses language like:

  • “And you’re ignorant, read a goddamn newspaper.”
  • “Who pays for “la reforma de la salud” [Puerto Rican Medicaid] in this country? I do with my taxes.”
  • “Damn it. I have busted myself studying me in the damn Medical Sciences Campus to have to come here and deal with you.”
  • “Bunch of ignorants.”
  • “That is why this country is a mess because what you do is listen to Daddy Yankee. Pick up a goddamn book you ignorant. Pick up a goddamn book.”

The life of Dr. Ortiz González took a huge turn after the video went viral. The doctor was suspended from duty and investigated by the Department of Health of Puerto Rico; an investigation which ceased once she resigned. Although she would later be exonerated of any wrongdoing by the Office of the Advocate for the Patient, the degree of personal harassment and devastating cyber bullying on social media were inescapable.

Even the world famous reggaeton singer Daddy Yankee countered in social networks and through the song “Palabras con Sentido” [“Words with Meaning”], the video of which recreates the moment when the doctor’s outburst was recorded in the waiting room. A young doctor who, in a moment of frustration, lashed out at her patients, whom she swore to treat with “warmth, sympathy and understanding.” A doctor who fell victim to persecution and cyber attacks, chasing her out of her home, affecting her mental health, and possibly contributing to her death.

Although Dr. Ortiz González’s behavior in that moment of anger was unacceptable and unprofessional, we must remember that we are all human and the burnout caused by poor working conditions in a crowded health system marred by inefficiencies, poor pay, and little appreciation, have their weight. While I do not excuse her conduct, as a medical student who walked the floors and hallways of that same regional hospital in Puerto Rico, I understand how difficult it can sometimes be to remain composed under so much pressure.

Now, we should reflect on the impact of the news of her death, the emotional footprint carved out by harassment, and the rampant use of social media to perpetuate a persecution by anonymous abusers behind a keyboard. Many people have fallen victim to this cyber hunt. Harassment, both in person and through social networks, can have lifetime effects on the victim’s personality. The power of demoralization is monumental and erodes at the victim’s self-worth. Anxiety, depression, suicides, and murders. When will it all end?

I hope the death of Dr. Gloria Ortiz González has not been in vain and makes us think twice before casting our hatred on social media, considering the irreversible damage that we may cause.

Rest in Peace, Doctora!

Remember…

Be Smart. Be Safe. Be Healthy. Be Strong.

Until next time!

Dr. Felix

Muerte de Una Doctora – ¿Otra Víctima del “Cyber Bullying”?

2 Replies

La muerte de la doctora puertorriqueña Gloria Ortiz González es un lamentable recordatorio del poder de las redes sociales, el “cyber bullying” (acoso cibernético), las pobres condiciones de un sistema de salud público afectando tanto a pacientes como a sus proveedores, el nivel de estrés y la atención al bienestar emocional de los trabajadores de la salud, el Juramento Hipocrático, y la doctrina “primum non nocere” (“lo primero es no hacer daño”).

La Doctora Ortiz González ganó notoriedad y creció en infamia después que un altercado verbal con pacientes en el área de espera de la Sala de Emergencias del Hospital Regional de Bayamón en Puerto Rico fuese grabado por una tercera persona desde un teléfono móvil y subido a las redes sociales en agosto del 2014. En el video, el cual claramente comienza ya en el medio de la discusión y no muestra las interacciones previas, se escucha fuera de cámara a una paciente instigar a la doctora hasta el punto que la misma pierde su compostura y utiliza lenguaje como:

  • “Y tú eres una ignorante, lee un maldito periódico.”
  • “¿Quiénes pagan la reforma de la salud en este país? Yo con mis ‘taxes.'”
  • “Maldita sea. Yo que me escocoto estudiando en el maldito Recinto de Ciencias Médicas pa’ venir a bregar con ustedes.”
  • “Chorro de ignorantes.”
  • “Por eso es que este país es una porquería porque ustedes lo que hacen es escuchar a Daddy Yankee. Coge un maldito libro ignorante. Coge un maldito libro.”

La vida de la Doctora Ortiz González tomó un enorme giro luego de que el video se tornara viral. La doctora fue suspendida de sus funciones e investigada por el Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico; investigación que cesó una vez renunció a su puesto. Aunque luego fuera exonerada de toda culpa por la Oficina del Procurador del Paciente, el hostigamiento personal y el fuerte acoso en las redes sociales fueron inescapables.

Hasta el mundialmente famoso reggaetonero Daddy Yankee ripostó en las redes sociales y a través de la canción “Palabras con Sentido,” video de la cual recrea el momento en que el exabrupto de la doctora fue grabado en la sala de espera. Una joven doctora que en un momento de frustración arremetió en contra de sus pacientes, a los que juró tratar “con honor y rectitud,” y a quien la persecución personal y cibernética la llevaron a mudarse de su hogar, afectaron su salud mental, y pudieron haber contribuido a su muerte.

Aunque la conducta de la Doctora Ortiz González en ese momento de ira fue inaceptable y poco profesional, hay que recordar que todos somos humanos y el desgaste mental causado por el estrés ante las pobres condiciones laborales en un sistema de salud abarrotado de ineficiencias, escasa paga, y poca apreciación, tienen su peso. Aun así cuando no excuso el comportamiento de la doctora, como estudiante de medicina que recorrí los pisos y pasillos de ese mismo hospital regional, entiendo lo difícil que puede ser mantener la compostura ante tanta presión.

Pero ahora deberíamos reflexionar sobre el impacto de la noticia de su muerte, la huella emocional que deja el acoso, y el rampante uso de las redes sociales para perpetuar una persecución donde el abusador se mantiene en el anonimato detrás de un teclado. Muchas personas han caído víctimas de esta cacería cibernética. El acoso, tanto en persona como a través de la redes sociales, puede afectar la personalidad de la víctima de por vida. El poder de desmoralización es monumental y corroe la autovaloración de la víctima. Ansiedad, depresión, suicidios, y asesinatos. ¿Cuándo parará?

Esperemos que la muerte de la Doctora Gloria Ortiz González no haya sido en vano y que nos lleve a consultar nuestra conciencia antes de derramar nuestro odio en las redes sociales, pensando en el daño irreversible que podemos causar.

Que en paz descanse, Doctora.

Recuerda…

Sé Inteligente. Sé Precavido. Sé Saludable. Sé Fuerte.

¡Hasta la próxima!

Dr. Félix